Useful measurements are particularly difficult when trade-offs are inherent options. For memory: space, speed, power required, longevity (against time, against

Useful measurements are particularly difficult when trade-offs are inherent options. For memory: space, speed, power required, longevity (against time, against temperature / ambient energy). Computation usually requires some tiny bits of very volatile memory (registers, cache, invisible buffers, etc), but similarly must have tradeoffs for space, speed, power, and longevity. Radiation Hardened / hostile environment design libraries can also be useful for automotive, heavy industry, military, and space hardened applications. I'm not sure of the details but guess they'd frequently use more space, power, and possibly even active shielding (E.G. additional layers of conductors and/or capacitors sandwiching the logic bits to try to protect them and stabilize local currents).