Many countries are expected to see population decline which will have negative economic effects, but the actual change in population isn't that great. For examp

Many countries are expected to see population decline which will have negative economic effects, but the actual change in population isn't that great. For example Russia's population is projected to decline 18% over the next 30 years, and they're one of the worst cases. Overall world population is projected to continue increasing, leveling out around 11 billion in 2100. Many of these people will be born into nations that are in the process of industrializing, or immigrate to the developed world, either way increasing their carbon footprint. The odds are extremely against demographic shifts alone decreasing emissions in this century. More generally, Zeihan's population projections generally discount immigration. While that might be reasonable for some particularly immigration averse societies like Japan, most developed nations have a positive feedback loop where the more young people they need, the more young people they welcome. Quite a few countries with very low birthrates like Germany are nevertheless expected to still see population growth over the next 30 years driven primarily by immigration.