''' Is it possible to mathematically represent this type of relationship of multiple input values on the final output value? If yes, then what field of mathemat

''' Is it possible to mathematically represent this type of relationship of multiple input values on the final output value? If yes, then what field of mathematics does this fall under? ''' most likely what you are looking for, falls broadly under the topic of linear algebra. if you are trying to optimize f.e. production of n-quantities each of which has a cost c[i] and profit p[i] and a bunch of other linear constraints, you probably are looking at simplex optimization (which falls under the topic operations-research).