a) It's easy to suggest gatekeeping mechanisms like degrees, tenture, journals controlling publication "should all be reformed", without proposing any specific

a) It's easy to suggest gatekeeping mechanisms like degrees, tenture, journals controlling publication "should all be reformed", without proposing any specific alternatives; but they all exist to prevent an obvious set of anti-patterns; if you eliminate them you just get different anti-patterns. Can you make a specific proposal of what's a better system to replace them with? b) In any case, the $$ incentives and root-causes are distorted, no point in scapegoating the gatekeeping mechanisms. The US pharmaceutical industry (for example) is 3.2% of GDP, and is 48% of the global pharmaceutical market. That amount of $$ is obviously going to distort policy at all levels. c) Scientific fraud should be criminalized, there should be stiff penalties and they should actually be enforced (actual prison, fines, losing job and tenure, retracting PhDs). Otherwise you're playing a race-to-the-bottom in a consequence-free environment, against someone else who's going to do unethical things. d) Until you address the root-causes/incentives, people's behavior won't change, why would it. Compare to the recent similar scandal on "self-reported data" for US News college rankings. [https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=false&query=%22college%20ranking%22&sort=byPopularity&type=story https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=false&qu...]