The protocols used for space communications are a mix of standards and proprietary. For example, the SpaceX Falcon 9 uses an Ethernet-based protocol called XDR

The protocols used for space communications are a mix of standards and proprietary. For example, the SpaceX Falcon 9 uses an Ethernet-based protocol called XDR (evolved from NASA's TDM) to communicate with ground stations during launch operations; this is also known as "ground station control" or GSC mode in industry parlance. This allows engineers at both ends - on Earth & onboard spacecraft --to monitor telemetry data being transmitted by sensors aboard their respective craft via standard IP packets over TCP/IP using UDP datagrams when necessary.