See Tiago Forte's "Building a Second Brain" (esp. the PARA approach, and Progressive Summarization note-taking technique) for a comprehensive system that answer

See Tiago Forte's "Building a Second Brain" (esp. the PARA approach, and Progressive Summarization note-taking technique) for a comprehensive system that answers precisely your question. More generally, this topic has come to be referred to as PKM (Personal Knowledge Management) and TFT (Tools For Thought). IME Obsidian.md stands out for its power and flexibility and community, though Roam Research (and Athens, its OSS counterpart), logseq, and Notion have their merits. HTH!