> This requires large investments and having high enough fares helps offset those investments. Does not follow! I have a beautiful bridge ten minutes bike rid

> This requires large investments and having high enough fares helps offset those investments. Does not follow! I have a beautiful bridge ten minutes bike ride from my house. This was a significant investment by the municipality. It would not be improved by being a toll route. Right now the city is digging up the street in front of my apartment in order to completely redo electricity, plumbing, sewers and telecom. This task would not be improved by our block having to pay for it. Public goods are not an "investment" because they bring in revenue. If you're a hard-core capitalist, you believe that they are an investment because they dramatically facilitate profitable businesses with very low friction. Other people believe that public goods like bridges, roads, transportation, schools and parks are an intrinsic good in and of themselves because they make everyone's lives better. The only economic case for user fees is to deliberately throttle a scarce resource. But given the climate emergency, all our societies should be building public transportation as quickly as humanly possible. The reason to expect money to change hands is not economic - it's purely the moral idea that everything has to involve money.