Number of papers or patents published is not a good metric. Just look at 5G. Huawei has the most patents but 99% of the patent revenue goes to Nokia, Ericsson,

Number of papers or patents published is not a good metric. Just look at 5G. Huawei has the most patents but 99% of the patent revenue goes to Nokia, Ericsson, Samsung, Qualcomm and others because their patents are more foundational and frankly many of Huawei’s patents are trivial. It’s pretty easy to cybersquat with patent spamming. Likewise, you can publish lots of papers which are small extensions of existing papers but most of the papers that spawned new large scale improvements came out of the West like “Attention is All You Need” which introduced transformer models and is much more important and notable. Quantity != quality.