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Such numbers always fascinate me, and showcase my ignorance (I freely admit it; I had a "Ask HN" recently about some "Economy 101" suggestions:) of both regular

Such numbers always fascinate me, and showcase my ignorance (I freely admit it; I had a "Ask HN" recently about some "Economy 101" suggestions:) of both regular financial/economy, as well as crypto. It's 1T worth of... what? I can kinda sorta understand 1T of car factories and farms and food plants. I can understand the over-simplified-into-nothingness capital model of I give you $1000, you build a factory, you build cars, you create value, eventually you give me back $1100. Or something. I can even intuitively understand (or fool myself) as to 1T of services - tourism, accounting, software, consulting. I can see its place in the world, the interconnectedness with industry and people and products and markets. I cannot visualize/intuitively understand 1T of crypto. It feels so... insular, self-contained. 1T of... companies running datacentres running random calculations... for money, kind of? People giving each other more and more non-crypto money and making it very complex? It feels like this whirl-storm of activity, vortex that sucks stuff ("real world money") in, but I don't understand its connectivity to outside world, it's output, the balance of interfaces. My mental image is incomplete and clearly wrong. (I suppose I should think of it more along the lines of, say, Gold market, but I don't understand that either :D )

junofan 4y ago
I deposit a dollar in a bank account somewhere and mint one DollarCoin. The crypto market cap is $1. Repeat that several times and add lending.
- Sentino 4y ago
  Interesting that you wrote that just like that. Now apparently we have just created 1$ out of thin air. I like that example as it already shows one of the fundamental risks of crypto. And now you can't even just say BTC or eth or stable coin because this is true for all.
  - kayamon 4y ago
    You can't just mint a new BTC on demand -- the hashing takes a fixed amount of time/energy that you have to wait for.
    - pjc50 4y ago
      But that doesn't matter, you can borrow one on a defi platform and re-lend it. The exact same "money creation" process that people complain about with "banks" also works for any deposit-taking lending organisation.
    - simmerup 4y ago
      But you can mint Tether or USDC on demand and use that to buy BTC. As long as no one tries to cash it into real money the BTC price goes up and so does the market cap
  - foxpiss 4y ago
    the fundamental risks of crypto seems to just be a repeat of the fundamental risks of unregulated banking... first as tragedy then as farce eh?
  - bnralt 4y ago
    That's an interesting point I hadn't thought about before but it should have been obvious. Crypto is inherently inflationary to the system as a whole, since you're increasing the amount of currency without increasing the number of goods.
bfaviero 4y ago
Do you know how large the derivatives market is?
onion2k 4y ago
1T of 'belief that someone will pay more than the last person'. That will continue oscillating between the highs and lows until either someone finds a genuinely good use for crypto, at which point the value rockets upwards and today's coin prices look comically small, or people stop believing and the whole thing collapses.
yieldcrv 4y ago
The only mistake here is that you chose to apply a separate higher standard to crypto, as opposed to seeing how a lower standard fraught with disaster is used in traditional markets. This is a conversation about “public float”, and so your comparison or explanation of whats hard to understand for you should be about float. Any stocks, bond, commodity, currency, set of assets, all experience the same phenomenon: where none of the daily or weekly marketcap changes have anything to do with the equivalent amount of money changing hands.
- neogodless 4y ago
  > Any stocks, bond, commodity, currency, set of assets, all experience the same phenomenon: where none of daily or weekly the marketcap changes have anything to do with the equivalent amount of money changing hands. Stocks have two parts to the market cap values - the value of assets and revenue, and the speculative value of future asset/revenue values. Bonds have promises of their assigned values and dividend payouts. Commodities are useful. Currency is the closest, of course, but then it has the promises of some government - a government that can tax the income of their people, and enforce that taxation. Only cryptocurrency, among them, only has the value of what you hope to sell it for. In the moment, it's a consensus price, but the value only goes up based on speculation that it will go up enough for your individual purposes, or somehow that particular cryptocurrency will useful enough to hold value beyond speculation.
  - yieldcrv 4y ago
    none of the daily or weekly marketcap changes have anything to do with the equivalent amount of money changing hands you have said nothing to the contrary
    - saalweachter 4y ago
      The S&P 500 performs about a half a trillion dollars a year in stock buybacks, funded by corporate profits, in addition to their roughly half a trillion dollars a year in dividends, because people are happier when numbers go up.
BenoitEssiambre 4y ago
The casinos market might also be something to compare to.
- tialaramex 4y ago
  In many ways a casino is like a theme park. Customer comes in, you empty their wallet, they feel happy for a while, job done move on to the next sucker. By aggregating over a large number of customers the casino takes what is gambling to the individual punter and makes it into a sure fire income stream. In a way it's honest work. Whereas most of the "cryptocurrency" stuff is a scam, sometimes a scam onion, with layers of scams performed on other scammers. It me reminds of a juice MLM I ran into. At first I see the usual pyramid structure, there's no way you can "make money selling this" unless you're near the top of that pyramid, there are celebrity "endorsements" paid for with a nice chunk of money, and so on - but then I realise there's a whole other level. The real scammers don't waste their lives on this "fake it til you make it" crap. The MLM company has an exclusive supply deal with a single manufacturer, every bottle of crappy juice a victim pays for as "stock" for their "home business" is coming from one company owned by the scammers who dreamed all this up. They're nothing to do with any pyramid scheme, even if the Feds bust the whole thing, they're innocent, they just own a business which sells 10¢ of juice for $5 to the MLM company, just Capitalism red in tooth and claw. For every $1000 some fool spends on juice they'll never drink, $100 may end up going to some shark with great charisma and no conscience who reeled in that MLM fool, but $500+ ends up with the faceless juice makers.
ekianjo 4y ago
how do you reason about cash reserves then?
kwertyoowiyop 4y ago
No…You’ve nailed it. Create a hundred million “tokens.” Buy one for $10. Now you have a billion-dollar market cap.
- shapefrog 4y ago
  Around here that is called a seed round.
  - foxpiss 4y ago
    spot on
rufusroflpunch 4y ago
There's multiple things to consider with the crypto space: 1) Bitcoin: It is attempting to establish hard money standard outside of state authority. It's slow going. Takes a long time to build and educate. Currently largely treated as a store of value, but there are efforts under way to make it usable as a method of payment (the Lightning network). 2) Tether and fully backed stablecoins: These provide dollar liquidity to the crypto ecosystem. More importantly, they are a very important store of wealth for the developing world, where they want dollars but laws and capital controls prevent stunt that. 3) Shitcoin casinos: The space for degenerate gamblers.
- nathanaldensr 4y ago
  > fully backed stablecoins Ah, but you repeat yourself.
  - rufusroflpunch 4y ago
    I wish it was redundant. > pokes Luna's corpse with a stick
- hnthrow1010 4y ago
  To use your phrase, all cryptos are shitcoin casinos. The difference between bitcoin and all the others are just one more shitcoin. The Lightning Network is fundamentally flawed and broken anyway [1]. If it actually did work in any capacity, it would still be nothing more than a poor bandaid on top of a broken system. The bitcoin developers have the ability to fix scaling problems by taking various measures (like increasing the block size limit) but refused to do so because doing so cuts into the profits of the miners. They don't want it to be a usable payment system. The community has shown repeatedly that they'll resist all efforts to do that because it reduces the amount of money they can make. Actually the design of bitcoin means that the miners profit much more from forcing people to continuously make useless transactions, not payments. To be honest, payment systems are well-known for being a difficult, risky and low-margin business that are the front-lines of defense against fraud and malicious bots trying to take advantage of any tiny bug they can to swipe someone's funds. It's really not surprising that the crypto promoters have washed their hands of any responsibility about this, passing it around like a big game of musical chairs to whatever project makes the most empty promises it can about being a scalable solution (but still having no answer to the problem of massive fraud and bot attacks). As for your second item, illegally circumventing capital controls in favor of a risky, unregulated offshore bank (that repeatedly denies they are a bank in order to avoid being shut down, because they couldn't possibly comply with banking regulations) is not actually helping anyone store or accumulate wealth in a developing economy. [1]: https://blog.dshr.org/2020/01/bitcoins-lightning-network.html https://blog.dshr.org/2020/01/bitcoins-lightning-network.htm...
anjc 4y ago
> It's 1T worth of... what? US dollars
Ekaros 4y ago
In general I always felt bit weirded out by whole crypto "market cap". So there is X million tokens and they are worth this number... But how much money has there actually ever been invested into it? Not that stock market and "wealth" loss there makes much sense to me either. Or that they own what ever, power plants, ships, factories. And they sell whatever they make. Ir I get point that company makes this much money and is expected to make it going forward. Still, if the number they are traded for drops something is lost? It wasn't there in first place.

junofan 4y ago

I deposit a dollar in a bank account somewhere and mint one DollarCoin. The crypto market cap is $1. Repeat that several times and add lending.

Sentino 4y ago
Interesting that you wrote that just like that. Now apparently we have just created 1$ out of thin air. I like that example as it already shows one of the fundamental risks of crypto. And now you can't even just say BTC or eth or stable coin because this is true for all.
- kayamon 4y ago
  You can't just mint a new BTC on demand -- the hashing takes a fixed amount of time/energy that you have to wait for.
  - pjc50 4y ago
    But that doesn't matter, you can borrow one on a defi platform and re-lend it. The exact same "money creation" process that people complain about with "banks" also works for any deposit-taking lending organisation.
  - simmerup 4y ago
    But you can mint Tether or USDC on demand and use that to buy BTC. As long as no one tries to cash it into real money the BTC price goes up and so does the market cap
- foxpiss 4y ago
  the fundamental risks of crypto seems to just be a repeat of the fundamental risks of unregulated banking... first as tragedy then as farce eh?
- bnralt 4y ago
  That's an interesting point I hadn't thought about before but it should have been obvious. Crypto is inherently inflationary to the system as a whole, since you're increasing the amount of currency without increasing the number of goods.

bfaviero 4y ago

Do you know how large the derivatives market is?

onion2k 4y ago

1T of 'belief that someone will pay more than the last person'. That will continue oscillating between the highs and lows until either someone finds a genuinely good use for crypto, at which point the value rockets upwards and today's coin prices look comically small, or people stop believing and the whole thing collapses.

yieldcrv 4y ago

The only mistake here is that you chose to apply a separate higher standard to crypto, as opposed to seeing how a lower standard fraught with disaster is used in traditional markets. This is a conversation about “public float”, and so your comparison or explanation of whats hard to understand for you should be about float. Any stocks, bond, commodity, currency, set of assets, all experience the same phenomenon: where none of the daily or weekly marketcap changes have anything to do with the equivalent amount of money changing hands.

neogodless 4y ago
> Any stocks, bond, commodity, currency, set of assets, all experience the same phenomenon: where none of daily or weekly the marketcap changes have anything to do with the equivalent amount of money changing hands. Stocks have two parts to the market cap values - the value of assets and revenue, and the speculative value of future asset/revenue values. Bonds have promises of their assigned values and dividend payouts. Commodities are useful. Currency is the closest, of course, but then it has the promises of some government - a government that can tax the income of their people, and enforce that taxation. Only cryptocurrency, among them, only has the value of what you hope to sell it for. In the moment, it's a consensus price, but the value only goes up based on speculation that it will go up enough for your individual purposes, or somehow that particular cryptocurrency will useful enough to hold value beyond speculation.
- yieldcrv 4y ago
  none of the daily or weekly marketcap changes have anything to do with the equivalent amount of money changing hands you have said nothing to the contrary
  - saalweachter 4y ago
    The S&P 500 performs about a half a trillion dollars a year in stock buybacks, funded by corporate profits, in addition to their roughly half a trillion dollars a year in dividends, because people are happier when numbers go up.

BenoitEssiambre 4y ago

The casinos market might also be something to compare to.

tialaramex 4y ago
In many ways a casino is like a theme park. Customer comes in, you empty their wallet, they feel happy for a while, job done move on to the next sucker. By aggregating over a large number of customers the casino takes what is gambling to the individual punter and makes it into a sure fire income stream. In a way it's honest work. Whereas most of the "cryptocurrency" stuff is a scam, sometimes a scam onion, with layers of scams performed on other scammers. It me reminds of a juice MLM I ran into. At first I see the usual pyramid structure, there's no way you can "make money selling this" unless you're near the top of that pyramid, there are celebrity "endorsements" paid for with a nice chunk of money, and so on - but then I realise there's a whole other level. The real scammers don't waste their lives on this "fake it til you make it" crap. The MLM company has an exclusive supply deal with a single manufacturer, every bottle of crappy juice a victim pays for as "stock" for their "home business" is coming from one company owned by the scammers who dreamed all this up. They're nothing to do with any pyramid scheme, even if the Feds bust the whole thing, they're innocent, they just own a business which sells 10¢ of juice for $5 to the MLM company, just Capitalism red in tooth and claw. For every $1000 some fool spends on juice they'll never drink, $100 may end up going to some shark with great charisma and no conscience who reeled in that MLM fool, but $500+ ends up with the faceless juice makers.

ekianjo 4y ago

how do you reason about cash reserves then?

kwertyoowiyop 4y ago

No…You’ve nailed it. Create a hundred million “tokens.” Buy one for $10. Now you have a billion-dollar market cap.

shapefrog 4y ago
Around here that is called a seed round.
- foxpiss 4y ago
  spot on

rufusroflpunch 4y ago

There's multiple things to consider with the crypto space: 1) Bitcoin: It is attempting to establish hard money standard outside of state authority. It's slow going. Takes a long time to build and educate. Currently largely treated as a store of value, but there are efforts under way to make it usable as a method of payment (the Lightning network). 2) Tether and fully backed stablecoins: These provide dollar liquidity to the crypto ecosystem. More importantly, they are a very important store of wealth for the developing world, where they want dollars but laws and capital controls prevent stunt that. 3) Shitcoin casinos: The space for degenerate gamblers.

nathanaldensr 4y ago
> fully backed stablecoins Ah, but you repeat yourself.
- rufusroflpunch 4y ago
  I wish it was redundant. > pokes Luna's corpse with a stick
hnthrow1010 4y ago
To use your phrase, all cryptos are shitcoin casinos. The difference between bitcoin and all the others are just one more shitcoin. The Lightning Network is fundamentally flawed and broken anyway [1]. If it actually did work in any capacity, it would still be nothing more than a poor bandaid on top of a broken system. The bitcoin developers have the ability to fix scaling problems by taking various measures (like increasing the block size limit) but refused to do so because doing so cuts into the profits of the miners. They don't want it to be a usable payment system. The community has shown repeatedly that they'll resist all efforts to do that because it reduces the amount of money they can make. Actually the design of bitcoin means that the miners profit much more from forcing people to continuously make useless transactions, not payments. To be honest, payment systems are well-known for being a difficult, risky and low-margin business that are the front-lines of defense against fraud and malicious bots trying to take advantage of any tiny bug they can to swipe someone's funds. It's really not surprising that the crypto promoters have washed their hands of any responsibility about this, passing it around like a big game of musical chairs to whatever project makes the most empty promises it can about being a scalable solution (but still having no answer to the problem of massive fraud and bot attacks). As for your second item, illegally circumventing capital controls in favor of a risky, unregulated offshore bank (that repeatedly denies they are a bank in order to avoid being shut down, because they couldn't possibly comply with banking regulations) is not actually helping anyone store or accumulate wealth in a developing economy. [1]: https://blog.dshr.org/2020/01/bitcoins-lightning-network.html https://blog.dshr.org/2020/01/bitcoins-lightning-network.htm...

anjc 4y ago

> It's 1T worth of... what? US dollars

Ekaros 4y ago

In general I always felt bit weirded out by whole crypto "market cap". So there is X million tokens and they are worth this number... But how much money has there actually ever been invested into it? Not that stock market and "wealth" loss there makes much sense to me either. Or that they own what ever, power plants, ships, factories. And they sell whatever they make. Ir I get point that company makes this much money and is expected to make it going forward. Still, if the number they are traded for drops something is lost? It wasn't there in first place.