I don't think programming education is broken so much as programming is broken; it's still a very early science. When I want to learn or teach, I'm most motiva

I don't think programming education is broken so much as programming is broken; it's still a very early science. When I want to learn or teach, I'm most motivated by a specific project with outcomes that interest me. I learn the programming aspect to get what I want, not to learn programming. This is used with kids in learning programing with robotics or Scratch games, but I think it works for adult education, too. I learned Lua after being a hardcore JS person for many years because I wanted to mod a Steam game that used it. I joined the religion of Typescript from coding handheld games in it, not because I had to. Recently, I've been teaching a new programmer who doesn't work in our field (she's an illustrator). Her motivation has been to have a truly custom online portfolio, which led us to start her programing journey with web components and TS. Seeing results you care about is the best way to learn programming, I think.