As someone working with an extremely large Python codebase, early on we made the call to never allow dictionaries as arguments to functions (with exceptions for

As someone working with an extremely large Python codebase, early on we made the call to never allow dictionaries as arguments to functions (with exceptions for if the dictionary is truly arbitrary and only gets logged/persisted for human reading). We rely heavily on type annotations and dataclasses. Type system weaknesses aside, the system is rather maintainable despite its size, complexity, and domain.