>> Computers exceeded human chess capacities without any AI as such in 1999 or so. To be pedantic, that was without any machine learning. Deep Blue was absolut

>> Computers exceeded human chess capacities without any AI as such in 1999 or so. To be pedantic, that was without any machine learning. Deep Blue was absolutely considered an AI system at the time. Tree search as used in Deep Blue is also still central to Alpha* family of game-playing systems.