Before air conditioning, there was the rise of central heating. Is the total energy used for the combination of heating and cooling greater in a warm climate o

Before air conditioning, there was the rise of central heating. Is the total energy used for the combination of heating and cooling greater in a warm climate or a cold climate, given the same floor space and appropriate insulation and construction? I was under the impression that less energy would be needed in Dallas than in Chicago, but I don't have actual data.