For an American tourist visa (B1/B2) for example, you can apply again if you are rejected, but you must show that a tangible change in circumstances has occurre

For an American tourist visa (B1/B2) for example, you can apply again if you are rejected, but you must show that a tangible change in circumstances has occurred since your previous application (ie funds, reason for visiting, better proof of ties back to home). Re-using a previous application may communicate "all you need to do to try again is just pay again" which consumes embassy resources that need to be spent on other applicants. Making you fill it all out again adds just enough friction to make sure you've actually had some circumstantial change to warrant a reapplication