Chaining is one way of making function composition more ergonomic, but there are others. Functional languages tend to have an operator (e.g. |> in Elixir. Think

Chaining is one way of making function composition more ergonomic, but there are others. Functional languages tend to have an operator (e.g. |> in Elixir. Think x |> f() |> g() |> h() |> i(), etc.) that gives the same benefits of chaining, but the functions don't have to be methods providing greater flexibility.