Not being algorithmic doesn't mean it can't be simulated or duplicated (example, chaotic systems can and are simulated all the time) But apart from that, the

Not being algorithmic doesn't mean it can't be simulated or duplicated (example, chaotic systems can and are simulated all the time) But apart from that, the argument will be settled by someone that might manage to duplicate that. Or gives a more detailed and founded objection (Penrose missed all recent neuroscience discoveries for example). Until that happens, Penrose's book is more a strong opinion than anything else Or, another possibility is that it is unable to be simulated fully but the simulated version is close enough for most purposes (including running Skynet or the Paperclip maximizer). Or plug a quantum computer to your machine and then it is fully able to be simulated.