The M1 is packed to the brim with top of the class technology (lower node, big ROB, big caches, fast buses, very complex prefetching and branch prediction...) a

The M1 is packed to the brim with top of the class technology (lower node, big ROB, big caches, fast buses, very complex prefetching and branch prediction...) and has the advantage that it was basically wrote from scratch during a decade or so from simple mobile level processors to full grade CPU, but it is not magic. Competitors can certainly catch up in some years A lot of their best engineers left and joined the competition and a whole lot depends on them. The second thing that needs to happen is a serious restructuring of existing processors, to the point of rewriting parts from scratch. It will take some time but there are companies with the budget and the know how to do it.