> how about opening up UPI to international users? That is exactly what India is doing. Remember that banking is a heavily regulated industry. That is why it n

> how about opening up UPI to international users? That is exactly what India is doing. Remember that banking is a heavily regulated industry. That is why it needs a government to government push to get the regulators of each country talking to integrate such systems internationally. But then lobbying and protectionism also comes into picture to prevent such integration happening - do you think Mastercard and Visa like such alternate payment infrastructures or that US, Russia or China like a more open international system if it means they lose some leeway? By launching a pilot, expanding it slowly nationally, India has proved the robustness of the UPI design and also addressed practical unanticipated scenarios in its usage. India is now confident about their design and system and thus have begun talks with other countries to expand internationally. It's now all about national and international politics only.