VDFs, zk-STARK/SNARK, Verkle trees, coinjoin, taproot, ... There are hundreds and some are already used outside of cryptocurrencies. In 20 years many of them wi

VDFs, zk-STARK/SNARK, Verkle trees, coinjoin, taproot, ... There are hundreds and some are already used outside of cryptocurrencies. In 20 years many of them will be. As a person with a background in distributed systems I'm particularly excited about VDFs and compact cryptographic datastructures because they made developing secure distributed systems much easier.