This is exactly the division of labor my current project has. The UI and data storage run on a Linux System On Module and the real time control is on an STM32 p

This is exactly the division of labor my current project has. The UI and data storage run on a Linux System On Module and the real time control is on an STM32 processor running an RTOS. Pretty standard these days. I've been on projects where the Linux part would have been offloaded to a tablet or an Android SBC running an app and communicating to the real time processor via BLE.