Most likely extracting and culturing then PCR Edit: grabbed from the methods section. I was wrong, they didn't culture :) >Fecal samples were collected by phy

Most likely extracting and culturing then PCR Edit: grabbed from the methods section. I was wrong, they didn't culture :) >Fecal samples were collected by physicians and preserved in RNAlater (Qiagen) at −80 °C until extraction of genomic DNA (28) (details in SI Materials and Methods).