"In summary, here we show that the LNPs used for many preclinical studies are highly inflammatory. Thus, their potent adjuvant activity and reported superiority

"In summary, here we show that the LNPs used for many preclinical studies are highly inflammatory. Thus, their potent adjuvant activity and reported superiority comparing to other adjuvants in supporting the induction of adaptive immune responses could stem from their inflammatory nature. Furthermore, the preclinical LNPs are similar to the ones used for human vaccines, which could also explain the observed side effects in humans using this platform." - ["The mRNA-LNP platform’s lipid nanoparticle component used in preclinical vaccine studies is highly inflammatory" (2021)](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.04.430128v1.full https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.04.430128v1....)