these are not mutually exclusive. if those product teams are under one big umbrella then nothing stops the one holding the umbrella (C-level or whoever) to set

these are not mutually exclusive. if those product teams are under one big umbrella then nothing stops the one holding the umbrella (C-level or whoever) to set the standard. you can use these languages, these CI tools, these package repositories, etc. if you need something exceptional ask. the important aspect is that there should be enough working knowledge about these tools/processes/systems in those teams that they can work efficiently, and they can respond as the whole business evolves. (eg. scale up/down, extract and hand over or accept and integrate components, integrate other APIs, etc) > and if those systems are everyone's responsibility, they're no one's. again, there's a cut off eventually. for example many companies just use GitLab for CI. at that point it's up to the big umbrella to decide whether they want to be in one or many GL orgs. > That seems to be what modern DevOps is becoming. sure, but that cutoff seems to be infrastructure vs product. which seems a bit more healthier than cutting the software lifecycle in half.