Other thing is that in England, notably London, as well as in some continental European cities, house sparrows are now scarce where they used to be abundant, so

Other thing is that in England, notably London, as well as in some continental European cities, house sparrows are now scarce where they used to be abundant, so if you live there you shouldn't be deterring them. https://www.rspb.org.uk/birds-and-wildlife/wildlife-guides/bird-a-z/house-sparrow/ https://www.rspb.org.uk/birds-and-wildlife/wildlife-guides/b... https://www.rspb.org.uk/our-work/conservation/projects/causes-of-population-decline-of-urban-house-sparrows/ https://www.rspb.org.uk/our-work/conservation/projects/cause... https://www.ua-magazine.com/2019/09/25/an-unsolved-mystery-the-disappearance-of-urban-house-sparrows/ https://www.ua-magazine.com/2019/09/25/an-unsolved-mystery-t...