^ yeah, this is pretty much the answer. 32 bits is not sufficient, emoji and combining characters go further. Even with UTF-32 you still can't treat "one 32 bi

^ yeah, this is pretty much the answer. 32 bits is not sufficient, emoji and combining characters go further. Even with UTF-32 you still can't treat "one 32 bit sequence" as "one character/grapheme/etc". It solves nothing, but it takes more space in the vast majority of cases.