"Learning poverty" is defined right at the outset as the inability to read and understand simple stories. So it's a low-threshold indicator of basic literacy.

"Learning poverty" is defined right at the outset as the inability to read and understand simple stories. So it's a low-threshold indicator of basic literacy. [edit]: Here's the wording from p 5: "One of the most intuitive indicators of the learning crisis is the learning poverty rate, which measures the share of children who cannot read a simple text with comprehension by age 10. "