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What is a vaccine-derived poliovirus? A vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vacc

What is a vaccine-derived poliovirus? A vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/polio/hcp/vaccine-derived-poliovirus-faq.html https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/polio/hcp/vaccine-derived-p... Notably, this isn't someone reverse engineering polio from vaccines. (it's still endemic so no need) Although arguably that's exactly what the virus did itself.

fuckyah 4y ago
andrewclunn 4y ago
- dilap 4y ago
  There's some reason to believe that live vaccines may be net better for you, due to beneficial "non-specific" effects. See e.g. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-specific_effect_of_vaccines#Live_attenuated_versus_inactivated_vaccines https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-specific_effect_of_vaccine... which links to https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2994348/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2994348/
- bigDinosaur 4y ago
  Historically you probably would have preferred the live virus versions to nothing, though. Now it's easier to make the decision you have because vaccine technology has improved so much. It's a reasonable position, although you'd probably still take a live viral vaccine if the disease was otherwise incredibly dangerous and no alternative vaccine existed.
  - tialaramex 4y ago
    It's not a "decision" in a practical sense for the vast majority of HN readers. Imagine I go to a Burger King, and I declare, "Well, I shan't purchase a Big Mac. No, on principle I demand the Whopper". Sure enough the Burger King employees sell me a Whopper. But, that's not because they respect my principled stance against the Big Mac, they don't sell Big Macs and they do sell Whoppers. Rich industrialised countries have all eliminated Polio, and thus don't offer OPV at all. I had OPV when I was a child, because I am an old man but the younger people I work with all had IPV. There was no "Which do you want?" question, government policy changed after elimination and availability of a killed vaccine.
- tialaramex 4y ago
  I guess you wanted "Oral" (meaning, you eat the vaccine, often as a drop of liquid on a sugar lump) not "Olfactory" (meaning you smell it) OPV is more effective at preventing Polio, the disease caused by the virus. Now, if you live in a country without endemic Polio (e.g. the United Kingdom) then that's not a big deal. You were probably never going to catch Polio anyway, and the risk (to others, not yourself) from vaccine-derived Poliovirus is a big problem, so it makes sense to prioritise that by using IPV (the vaccine based on a "killed" virus) and it is policy in countries with elimination to do so. But, if you live in a country with endemic Polio including vaccine-derived Polio, then you perhaps want OPV because of the improved effectiveness. Now, the other reason OPV is used in lots of poor countries with endemic Polio is that it's cheaper. It's cheaper to manufacture, and it's cheaper to administer - any idiot can give children a sugar lump with a drop of liquid and tell them to eat it and I believe it's even cheaper to store/ distribute. We expect to figure out how to make the dead vaccine more effective than it is now, though perhaps never as effective as OPV - but it likely will not be cheaper, nor easier to use.
  - qwertox 4y ago
    OPV was standard in the US until 2000, because Polio got close to being eradicated and OPV used to cause new infections where none existed anymore. So they switched to IPV, which, even if it is not as effective as OPV, still offered some degree of protection, but did not cause new infections. Sounds like an interesting tradeoff / balance act. https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/immunization/diseases-and-vaccines-can-prevent-them/polio-0/when-should-you-get-polio-vaccination https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/immunization/diseases...
    - deleted 4y ago
      [deleted]
    - More-nitors 4y ago
      how about giving dead viral vaccine, and then giving live one after 1 month or so?
      - 4y ago
- interestica 4y ago
  I can find no examples of an olfactory polio vaccine....
  - JPLeRouzic 4y ago
    Most probably it was intranasal polio vaccine which was meant: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X17304425 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X1...

fuckyah 4y ago

andrewclunn 4y ago

dilap 4y ago
There's some reason to believe that live vaccines may be net better for you, due to beneficial "non-specific" effects. See e.g. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-specific_effect_of_vaccines#Live_attenuated_versus_inactivated_vaccines https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-specific_effect_of_vaccine... which links to https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2994348/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2994348/
bigDinosaur 4y ago
Historically you probably would have preferred the live virus versions to nothing, though. Now it's easier to make the decision you have because vaccine technology has improved so much. It's a reasonable position, although you'd probably still take a live viral vaccine if the disease was otherwise incredibly dangerous and no alternative vaccine existed.
- tialaramex 4y ago
  It's not a "decision" in a practical sense for the vast majority of HN readers. Imagine I go to a Burger King, and I declare, "Well, I shan't purchase a Big Mac. No, on principle I demand the Whopper". Sure enough the Burger King employees sell me a Whopper. But, that's not because they respect my principled stance against the Big Mac, they don't sell Big Macs and they do sell Whoppers. Rich industrialised countries have all eliminated Polio, and thus don't offer OPV at all. I had OPV when I was a child, because I am an old man but the younger people I work with all had IPV. There was no "Which do you want?" question, government policy changed after elimination and availability of a killed vaccine.
tialaramex 4y ago
I guess you wanted "Oral" (meaning, you eat the vaccine, often as a drop of liquid on a sugar lump) not "Olfactory" (meaning you smell it) OPV is more effective at preventing Polio, the disease caused by the virus. Now, if you live in a country without endemic Polio (e.g. the United Kingdom) then that's not a big deal. You were probably never going to catch Polio anyway, and the risk (to others, not yourself) from vaccine-derived Poliovirus is a big problem, so it makes sense to prioritise that by using IPV (the vaccine based on a "killed" virus) and it is policy in countries with elimination to do so. But, if you live in a country with endemic Polio including vaccine-derived Polio, then you perhaps want OPV because of the improved effectiveness. Now, the other reason OPV is used in lots of poor countries with endemic Polio is that it's cheaper. It's cheaper to manufacture, and it's cheaper to administer - any idiot can give children a sugar lump with a drop of liquid and tell them to eat it and I believe it's even cheaper to store/ distribute. We expect to figure out how to make the dead vaccine more effective than it is now, though perhaps never as effective as OPV - but it likely will not be cheaper, nor easier to use.
- qwertox 4y ago
  OPV was standard in the US until 2000, because Polio got close to being eradicated and OPV used to cause new infections where none existed anymore. So they switched to IPV, which, even if it is not as effective as OPV, still offered some degree of protection, but did not cause new infections. Sounds like an interesting tradeoff / balance act. https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/immunization/diseases-and-vaccines-can-prevent-them/polio-0/when-should-you-get-polio-vaccination https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/immunization/diseases...
  - deleted 4y ago
    [deleted]
  - More-nitors 4y ago
    how about giving dead viral vaccine, and then giving live one after 1 month or so?
    - 4y ago
interestica 4y ago
I can find no examples of an olfactory polio vaccine....
- JPLeRouzic 4y ago
  Most probably it was intranasal polio vaccine which was meant: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X17304425 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X1...