As a Muslim, Islam's stance is quite nuanced. God does lay out rules that govern our world (called Sunan in Arabic, plural of Sunnah - path or way or method, et

As a Muslim, Islam's stance is quite nuanced. God does lay out rules that govern our world (called Sunan in Arabic, plural of Sunnah - path or way or method, etc.), and we accept causality in general. At the same time, we believe that God is the ultimate root cause of everything. If He wills, He can break these laws (e.g. we have the narrative of how Abraham Peace be upon him was thrown into the fire when he denied and destroyed the idols of his tribe, only for the fire not to harm him because God ordered it not to: https://quran.com/21/68-69 https://quran.com/21/68-69), and nothing happens without God's knowledge or permission. This is why we have bases such as: https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi:2517 https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi:2517 As you point out, we have had many Muslim scientists in our history that pushed the boundaries of discovery and knowledge. We're proud of our history and their achievements.