It's only failing if you define that as "not dominating the planet's chat", which has a bunch of externalities. Several of their chat products were decent and

It's only failing if you define that as "not dominating the planet's chat", which has a bunch of externalities. Several of their chat products were decent and companies were able to run all their internal meeting rooms off them. What IS a failure is the thrash within that whole set of products. Adoption of new users via network effect is the activation energy and every flipflop halves their potential new market. If they had simply stayed on, say, hangouts and kept improving it, they would keep all those users they lost.