My experience is that this is easier said than done. But I agree with you that in theory, one can inject failure and run tests with all possible combinations, a

My experience is that this is easier said than done. But I agree with you that in theory, one can inject failure and run tests with all possible combinations, and have a repeatable test framework (think about foundationdb’s test framework) to help root cause test failures. Sqlite has very impressive reliability; its test framework is not open sourced. It also benefits from user bug reports, as it’s literally the widest deployed db. Bugs/flaws happen. Having better tests and better observability in production are also not mutually exclusive.