> The submissive gesture essentially communicates "I am not primed to physically attack." Its not that straighforward. It's a combination of posture + facial e

> The submissive gesture essentially communicates "I am not primed to physically attack." Its not that straighforward. It's a combination of posture + facial expression. In a real fight the first thing you do is to tuck your chin in and tense up your neck to get a chance at not getting knocked out. So I would say as shown in the paper figures it is the combination of lower chin angle plus neutral or friendly facial expression that is important. Probably my own bias but in a male context I would interpret a lowered chin as a sign of incoming aggression unless it is combined with a friendly/neutral expression.