I will note that Rust has all of those features you mentioned. 1) Traits 2) You have to be explicit, by implementing the Clone trait, otherwise arguments are pa

I will note that Rust has all of those features you mentioned. 1) Traits 2) You have to be explicit, by implementing the Clone trait, otherwise arguments are passed by reference or moved. 3) Rust has both RAII and linear typing, which is effectively a proven-correct form of moves - you can't access something that has been moved, unlike C++. Rust doesn't have class inheritance, no, but often combining traits and delegating to a "parent" field works. Although sometimes that can be considerably more cumbersome, yeah.