I disagree, I think there are many tools we could use to quantify it. For example, Reinforcement Learning is primarily about quantifying value. Operations Resea

I disagree, I think there are many tools we could use to quantify it. For example, Reinforcement Learning is primarily about quantifying value. Operations Research also has similar tools for estimating value. And of course, markets themselves estimate value, although a huge portion of our economy is not a market. For example, almost no businesses are internally run as a market.