"cities with comprehensive subway networks tend to have extremely poor corresponding overground transit options" You think this is a disadvantage of subways? T

"cities with comprehensive subway networks tend to have extremely poor corresponding overground transit options" You think this is a disadvantage of subways? That seems upside down. The only transport methods that match the reliability of subways are - surface rail with loads of expensive bridges, and trams with preferential signaling at junctions. Both of these are similarly disruptive to build in an existing city. Buses, even with bus lanes added to roads, can't come close.