Not a study but Scott Alexander's essay touches the subject : https://slatestarcodex.com/2017/05/26/the-atomic-bomb-considered-as-hungarian-high-school-science-

Not a study but Scott Alexander's essay touches the subject : https://slatestarcodex.com/2017/05/26/the-atomic-bomb-considered-as-hungarian-high-school-science-fair-project/ https://slatestarcodex.com/2017/05/26/the-atomic-bomb-consid... If I remember the summary correctly, it's a mix between having a lot of Ashkenazis jews (not just Hungary, but Eastern Europe in general) who for some reason tends to have a higher IQ than average (even other jew population), having specifically good education system at the time, and the good environment and emulation created by having very smart people together in a good education system. I strongly recommend reading the essay