self-published print works, one or more copies handmade, the rest duplicated cheaply. arguably a modern successor of 18th-century pamphleting. usually folded an

self-published print works, one or more copies handmade, the rest duplicated cheaply. arguably a modern successor of 18th-century pamphleting. usually folded and staple-bound, if bound at all. low barrier to entry made them popular with marginalized groups; easily mailed, they were also the nexus of some early fan communities, especially for Star Trek, comics, music, and film. some early web publishing was heavily zine inspired; boingboing was a zine for almost a decade before becoming a blog maybe a more digestible history of zines in the internet era: https://thehistoryoftheweb.com/postscript/alt-zines-and-memories-of-a-media-transition/ https://thehistoryoftheweb.com/postscript/alt-zines-and-memo...