Speaking as a farmer, the "plow pan" is an old and well known concept. While it is true that routine tillage does not reach these depths, there are various tech

Speaking as a farmer, the "plow pan" is an old and well known concept. While it is true that routine tillage does not reach these depths, there are various techniques, including what is known as deep tillage, to try and address the problem at those greater depths. With the advent of GPS, controlled traffic farming moved to keep the machines on the same tracks to limit the damage to specific paths in the field in recognition of the same. Maybe the study is talking about something else, but if that's the case I'm not sure it has made itself clear. We are very much aware of what goes on below the root zone and understand the potential yield loss impact that can come of it if not managed well. We work closely with the scientific community to ensure that we are aware of these types of things.