I think I've only worked at companies that under-hired. At small start-ups it that they were worried about runway and so made everyone wear many hats and over

I think I've only worked at companies that under-hired. At small start-ups it that they were worried about runway and so made everyone wear many hats and overwork / crunch on things. At large orgs its just difficult to hire and very competitive, so you always have a hard time hitting your goals even though the roles are very much needed. I can't think of one org I've ever worked at that hit a sweet spot where you were able to hire exactly as many engineers as you needed while keeping up with growth and attrition.