It's not clear in the paper, but it's a common issue in healthcare settings. Most meds are dispensed via med cabinets (Pyxis is the primary brand: https://www.b

It's not clear in the paper, but it's a common issue in healthcare settings. Most meds are dispensed via med cabinets (Pyxis is the primary brand: https://www.bd.com/assets/images/our-products/medication-supply-management/pyxis-medstation-es-system_1R_DI_1011-0003.png https://www.bd.com/assets/images/our-products/medication-sup...) that have a variety of controls in place to prevent diversion and to track medications delivered. It's a hard problem because in the normal flow of the world, the provider will login to the machine, select the correct patient, be given an option for the drugs that are prescribed to that patient, choose the correct one, and then administer the drug when the correct drawer opens up. The software checks for med allergies, appropriate frequency between doses, etc. etc. But what happens when the employee's login doesn't work and they need a drug emergently? What happens when the IT mandate to change passwords shows up during a crash? What happens when the patient is crashing and there are no orders for the correct medication? What happens when the mechanical drawers stick and won't release the drug? It's largely solved with old school "crash carts" that have a standard inventory with all of the emergency drugs that could be required, which are then reconciled to derive what was taken out/used. But then you need to track whether the narcotics that were taken were actually given and not just diverted to someone's pocket.. and not every drug is stable for long periods in these carts... Separately is just the overall shitshow that is medical software -- my spouse worked for a hospital for three months before she was finally granted access to all of the systems she needed to perform her job safely. Basically just borrowed other peoples' access where she could and took extensive handwritten notes that will likely never be entered into the EMR.