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It's actually the default in C#. This is, in C#, all methods are called according to an object's apparent-type, not its actual-type, by default. To get the Ja

• recursive 4y ago
  You're talking about virtual vs non-virtual. static is a whole separate thing. static calls are always resolved at build time. You don't even need an instance at all. And probably shouldn't use one.
  • _Nat_ 4y ago
    Right -- it's an issue of virtual vs. non-virtual, not static vs. non-static. For example, [this comment](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31379783 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31379783 ) provided code showing the issue in this branch of the thread using `static` in Java. Here's the same thing in C# without using `static` (except for `Program.Main()`): public class Program { public static void Main() { A a = new B(); if (a is B b) { a.Print(); // Prints "A". b.Print(); // Prints "B". } } } public class A { public void Print() { System.Console.WriteLine("A"); } } public class B:A { public new void Print() { System.Console.WriteLine("B"); } } `static` can work too because it implies non-virtual, but it's not necessary. Generally speaking, virtual-methods resolve with dependence on the object they're called on since they consult a [virtual-method table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_method_table https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_method_table ). Non-virtual methods can resolve without considering the object they're called on (whether static or not) because they call the method that belongs to the apparent-type.
    • recursive 4y ago
      > it's an issue of virtual vs. non-virtual, not static vs. non-static. That's what you started talking about, but that's not what I'm talking about. > "calling static methods on instances of classes" That's from an ancestor, somewhere upthread. Here it is as a c# expression. "abc".Format("size: {0}", 7) Sensibly, c# doesn't allow this, but some languages do. I don't recall which, but I've definitely seen this. Maybe I'm not understanding a word or something, but the description of the problem is definitely about "static".
      • _Nat_ 4y ago
        In C#, basically all methods are `static` by-default. Just, if a programmer doesn't explicitly mark a method as `static`, then the compiler implicitly inserts an extra argument into the call-signature for `this`. For example: public class A { // If a programmer writes this: public void DoSomething(int x) { /* ... */ } // ...then C# sees this: public static void DoSomething(A this, int x) { if (this == null) { throw new NullArgumentException(); } /* ... */ } } So if a programmer then writes `a.DoSomething(7);`, C# basically automatically converts that into `A.DoSomething(a, 7);` for them. It's basically syntactic-sugar. C# even lets programmers write methods that can be called on an instance OR as `static`: [extension methods](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/programming-guide/classes-and-structs/extension-methods https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/programming-g... ). Then there's a difference between C# and Java: in C#, non-static methods can be `virtual` if marked as such, whereas in Java, all non-static methods are automatically `virtual`. --- Anyway, my point about the perspective from [this comment](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31383483 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31383483 ), > If you’re writing code calling static methods on instances of classes, you deserve to have that code broken. , was that that's basically what C# does by-default, ignoring syntactic-sugar. Because, in C#, methods aren't `virtual` by-default, so when C#-programmers call a default method on an instance, they're calling it non-virtually, much like a Java-`static` method -- it may look a little different in C# due to the syntactic-sugar, but it's basically the same thing. To demonstrate that same-ness, I took the Java code that used `static` from [this comment](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31379783 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31379783 ), then showed the same without `static` in C# in [this comment](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31385859 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31385859 ). Of course, I don't mean that they look exactly the same, due to the syntactic-sugar. Just that they're conceptually the same in terms of logical-structuring and behaviorally the same in terms of what they actually do (e.g., how they printed the same responses in those examples).