Again, semantics: 'Investments' are not required to be made on 'positive-sum' underlying assets. For instance, airlines may make an investment in oil futures

Again, semantics: 'Investments' are not required to be made on 'positive-sum' underlying assets. For instance, airlines may make an investment in oil futures (a zero sum contract) to hedge expenses that correlate with their fuel costs. >Crypto and slot machines are not positive sum. I think this the part where I link to a wikipedia page of a fallacy I don't understand/doesn't apply? /s