There are alternatives to dd like ddrescue (https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/disk_cloning#Block-level_cloning https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/disk_cloning#Bloc

There are alternatives to dd like ddrescue (https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/disk_cloning#Block-level_cloning https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/disk_cloning#Block-level_cl...), but given it's standard on all *nix machines it's hard to avoid, just need to be extra careful before executing. There are also wrappers for dd, like ddi (https://github.com/tralph3/ddi https://github.com/tralph3/ddi) for extra safety