In fundamental physics, that's literally what it's all about. We know some of our assumptions must be wrong, because we know the theories we have conflict. That

In fundamental physics, that's literally what it's all about. We know some of our assumptions must be wrong, because we know the theories we have conflict. That's been perfectly clear since the time of Einstein and Bohr. One thing that has been hugely helpful has been data such as from the big particle colliders, but that data is getting harder and harder to get as the required energies have gone through the roof. The thing is there is no shortage of theories, or whole classes of theories, the problem is getting the data we need to verify and refine them.