In addition to the comprehensive answers of reikonomusha and vindarel, I'll give you some specific things you can't do: Jupyter notebook: you can't run it as n

In addition to the comprehensive answers of reikonomusha and vindarel, I'll give you some specific things you can't do: Jupyter notebook: you can't run it as normal code - that is, you can't import your notebook from another file. You also can't evaluate arbitrary regions of the notebook (it's cells, the whole thing, or nothing), or nested sub-expressions. You can't evaluate code in parallel - if you have a cell calling a function foo() in a loop, and you try to redefine foo() in another cell - impossible in Juypter, trivial in CL. iPython + autoreload: you also can't redefine a foo() in a file when it's being called in a loop, docs state "reloads modules automatically before entering the execution of code typed at the IPython prompt". You don't get any sort of interactive debug-and-fix-up when you encounter an error. And so on.