3 ms·

citation?

by chrsig 4y ago

citation?

kragen 4y ago
Jesus fuck. Spencer RC, Devilbiss DM, Berridge CW (June 2015). "The Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Psychostimulants Involve Direct Action in the Prefrontal Cortex". Biological Psychiatry. 77 (11): 940–950. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.09.013. PMC 4377121. PMID 25499957. Ilieva IP, Hook CJ, Farah MJ (June 2015). "Prescription Stimulants' Effects on Healthy Inhibitory Control, Working Memory, and Episodic Memory: A Meta-analysis". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 27 (6): 1069–1089. doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00776. PMID 25591060. S2CID 15788121. Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). "Chapter 13: Higher Cognitive Function and Behavioral Control". In Sydor A, Brown RY (eds.). Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (2nd ed.). New York, USA: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp. 318, 321. ISBN 9780071481274 Bagot KS, Kaminer Y (April 2014). "Efficacy of stimulants for cognitive enhancement in non-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder youth: a systematic review". Addiction. 109 (4): 547–557. doi:10.1111/add.12460. PMC 4471173. PMID 24749160. Wood S, Sage JR, Shuman T, Anagnostaras SG (January 2014). "Psychostimulants and cognition: a continuum of behavioral and cognitive activation". Pharmacological Reviews. 66 (1): 193–221. doi:10.1124/pr.112.007054. PMC 3880463. PMID 24344115. Teter CJ, McCabe SE, LaGrange K, Cranford JA, Boyd CJ (October 2006). "Illicit use of specific prescription stimulants among college students: prevalence, motives, and routes of administration". Pharmacotherapy. 26 (10): 1501–1510. doi:10.1592/phco.26.10.1501. PMC 1794223. PMID 16999660.
- luckydata 4y ago
  a quick scan of the papers you linked (top 2 results, I got bored after that) shows that the studies specifically refer to ADHD patients. I'm not sure the links prove the point you're trying to make. Tangentially related, interesting tidbit from Russel Barkley: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HYq571cycqg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HYq571cycqg TL;DR: stimulants prescribed to children promote normal brain development.
  - kragen 4y ago
    The first of those papers (mostly about a different drug with similar pharmacokinetics) is a review paper mostly about experiments on rats, though it does also include some results on ADHD patients, and the second one is a meta-analysis of 48 experiments, specifically excluding experiments on ADHD patients. It's not literally false that "the studies specifically refer to ADHD patients", because they do refer to them in order to explain that the results they're reporting are not in ADHD patients—in the first case, primarily; in the second case, at all. But your comment is crafted to create the false implication that their results were limited to ADHD patients. Either that is a knowing lie, or your claim to have scanned the papers is a knowing lie and your false implication is merely reckless disregard for the truth. — ⁂ — The first study you said you scanned, Spencer, Devilbiss, and Berridge 2015, is about the effects of amphetamines and methylphenidate in rats and healthy people, and how that relates to their usefulness for treating ADHD: > A major breakthrough in our understanding of psychostimulant action was the demonstration in 1980 that the cognition-enhancing and behavioral-calming actions of psychostimulants are not unique to ADHD, with similar effects seen in healthy human subjects (11). > This and subsequent studies unambiguously demonstrate that when used at low and clinically-relevant doses, psychostimulants improve prefrontal cortex (PFC)-dependent behavioral/cognitive processes in human subjects with and without ADHD (11-15). In the summary, it concludes: > Low-dose psychostimulants are the first-line treatment for ADHD. At clinically-relevant doses these drugs improve frontostriatal cognitive function in ADHD patients and healthy individuals. > The procognitive and behavioral calming actions of psychostimulants are in stark contrast to the behaviorally-activating and cognition-impairing effects seen with higher doses. — ⁂ — The second study, Ilieva, Hook, and Farah 2015, is titled, "Prescription Stimulants' Effects on Healthy Inhibitory Control, ...A Meta-analysis." Here "healthy" means neurotypical, i.e., not "mentally ill," specifically including ADHD diagnoses as "mentally ill" and excluding them from "healthy". They explain, "Research on children, elderly, criminal, or mentally ill patients was excluded," elaborating, "Twelve studies failed to meet the criteria for eligible participants (mice: n = 1; elderly participants: n = 6; children: n = 2; mentally ill participants: n = 2, including one study on ADHD and one study on cocaine abuse; criminal participants: n = 1)." — ⁂ — In short, you are telling baldfaced lies about the studies I'm citing, as easily shown by the most cursory analysis (in the second case, the title of the paper), in order to continue posting vile calumnies against my integrity. I do not think you should post any more on this site.

citation?

by chrsig 4y ago

citation?

Jesus fuck. Spencer RC, Devilbiss DM, Berridge CW (June 2015). "The Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Psychostimulants Involve Direct Action in the Prefrontal Cortex". Biological Psychiatry. 77 (11): 940–950. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.09.013. PMC 4377121. PMID 25499957. Ilieva IP, Hook CJ, Farah MJ (June 2015). "Prescription Stimulants' Effects on Healthy Inhibitory Control, Working Memory, and Episodic Memory: A Meta-analysis". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 27 (6): 1069–1089. doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00776. PMID 25591060. S2CID 15788121. Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). "Chapter 13: Higher Cognitive Function and Behavioral Control". In Sydor A, Brown RY (eds.). Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (2nd ed.). New York, USA: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp. 318, 321. ISBN 9780071481274 Bagot KS, Kaminer Y (April 2014). "Efficacy of stimulants for cognitive enhancement in non-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder youth: a systematic review". Addiction. 109 (4): 547–557. doi:10.1111/add.12460. PMC 4471173. PMID 24749160. Wood S, Sage JR, Shuman T, Anagnostaras SG (January 2014). "Psychostimulants and cognition: a continuum of behavioral and cognitive activation". Pharmacological Reviews. 66 (1): 193–221. doi:10.1124/pr.112.007054. PMC 3880463. PMID 24344115. Teter CJ, McCabe SE, LaGrange K, Cranford JA, Boyd CJ (October 2006). "Illicit use of specific prescription stimulants among college students: prevalence, motives, and routes of administration". Pharmacotherapy. 26 (10): 1501–1510. doi:10.1592/phco.26.10.1501. PMC 1794223. PMID 16999660.

luckydata 4y ago
a quick scan of the papers you linked (top 2 results, I got bored after that) shows that the studies specifically refer to ADHD patients. I'm not sure the links prove the point you're trying to make. Tangentially related, interesting tidbit from Russel Barkley: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HYq571cycqg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HYq571cycqg TL;DR: stimulants prescribed to children promote normal brain development.
- kragen 4y ago
  The first of those papers (mostly about a different drug with similar pharmacokinetics) is a review paper mostly about experiments on rats, though it does also include some results on ADHD patients, and the second one is a meta-analysis of 48 experiments, specifically excluding experiments on ADHD patients. It's not literally false that "the studies specifically refer to ADHD patients", because they do refer to them in order to explain that the results they're reporting are not in ADHD patients—in the first case, primarily; in the second case, at all. But your comment is crafted to create the false implication that their results were limited to ADHD patients. Either that is a knowing lie, or your claim to have scanned the papers is a knowing lie and your false implication is merely reckless disregard for the truth. — ⁂ — The first study you said you scanned, Spencer, Devilbiss, and Berridge 2015, is about the effects of amphetamines and methylphenidate in rats and healthy people, and how that relates to their usefulness for treating ADHD: > A major breakthrough in our understanding of psychostimulant action was the demonstration in 1980 that the cognition-enhancing and behavioral-calming actions of psychostimulants are not unique to ADHD, with similar effects seen in healthy human subjects (11). > This and subsequent studies unambiguously demonstrate that when used at low and clinically-relevant doses, psychostimulants improve prefrontal cortex (PFC)-dependent behavioral/cognitive processes in human subjects with and without ADHD (11-15). In the summary, it concludes: > Low-dose psychostimulants are the first-line treatment for ADHD. At clinically-relevant doses these drugs improve frontostriatal cognitive function in ADHD patients and healthy individuals. > The procognitive and behavioral calming actions of psychostimulants are in stark contrast to the behaviorally-activating and cognition-impairing effects seen with higher doses. — ⁂ — The second study, Ilieva, Hook, and Farah 2015, is titled, "Prescription Stimulants' Effects on Healthy Inhibitory Control, ...A Meta-analysis." Here "healthy" means neurotypical, i.e., not "mentally ill," specifically including ADHD diagnoses as "mentally ill" and excluding them from "healthy". They explain, "Research on children, elderly, criminal, or mentally ill patients was excluded," elaborating, "Twelve studies failed to meet the criteria for eligible participants (mice: n = 1; elderly participants: n = 6; children: n = 2; mentally ill participants: n = 2, including one study on ADHD and one study on cocaine abuse; criminal participants: n = 1)." — ⁂ — In short, you are telling baldfaced lies about the studies I'm citing, as easily shown by the most cursory analysis (in the second case, the title of the paper), in order to continue posting vile calumnies against my integrity. I do not think you should post any more on this site.