I don claim to have a good answer but i would ask myself a chain of questions: Were learning materials which cover the required material made available to stud

I don claim to have a good answer but i would ask myself a chain of questions: Were learning materials which cover the required material made available to students? Were those materials made available on an approachable platform? Were those materials made available on a platform which encouraged habit formation for students to work on the material? Are students able to track their progress? Are students able to confirm their progress and check with where they are supposed to be if the exam dates are fixed? Is the progress of student embedded into a (meta) narrative which ties together the lecture and provides topical humor (like a lecturer would when cleaning the blackboards)? Are means in place to ensure passive diffusion of important information if students are stuck? Are means in place to encourage or enforce formation of student learning groups and cooperation between students? The traditional lecture hall model has a lot of mechanism which need to be replicated in the digital sphere.