>subsequent generations absorb more of the african-american culture which shuns academia If you're referring to the oppositional culture hypothesis, there's a

>subsequent generations absorb more of the african-american culture which shuns academia If you're referring to the oppositional culture hypothesis, there's a whole body of research that show it isn't nearly as common as widely perceived - most recently there is this: http://www.amazon.com/Kids-Dont-Want-Fail-Oppositional/dp/0674057724/ http://www.amazon.com/Kids-Dont-Want-Fail-Oppositional/dp/06... but I also linked to some other research in this post: http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2046616 http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2046616 Certainly using school money to buy more football bleachers rather than invested in academics is not just something you'll find in poor minority schools - see pretty much any US university with a Div I or II basketball, football or hockey program.