Python can't be said to enforce types at runtime. AFAIK, it doesn't say that. In fact, the original article starts off with "I'm expecting to be able to run a

Python can't be said to enforce types at runtime. AFAIK, it doesn't say that. In fact, the original article starts off with "I'm expecting to be able to run a static analyzer", then it goes on to say "This isn't caught at runtime". Yes, but is it caught at static analyzer run? Yes, I typed it into vi and ran mypy on it and it said "error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "str", variable has type "int")." But I didn't have to run mypy on it, my editor told me: "Expression of type "Literal['hello']" cannot be assigned to declared type "int"". Maybe the word "educated" wasn't the right choice in this case, can you offer a better one? I honestly couldn't make it through the entire article, despite several attempts. It is full of inconsistencies and what seem like wilful misunderstandings to justify the authors conclusion. Particularly as the author starts off saying "run a static analysis tool" as if knowing that's how you go about it, and then saying "it doesn't catch it at runtime".