Some banks support dedicated devices for signing transactions if you don’t like to use a smartphone app for 2FA. I have two of those devices, a portable one and

Some banks support dedicated devices for signing transactions if you don’t like to use a smartphone app for 2FA. I have two of those devices, a portable one and a USB-tethered one for the desktop. Either way, you insert your debit card to sign your transaction. The underlying protocol is a national standard (published by DK, the association of German banks) and meets all European requirements. I don’t do business with banks that require iOS or Android apps for 2FA unless they support an alternative.