This is somewhat semantic, but I think it's more accurate to say that adversarial interop leverages network effects, not subvert them. By enabling interop, you

This is somewhat semantic, but I think it's more accurate to say that adversarial interop leverages network effects, not subvert them. By enabling interop, you're expanding the network -- sometimes enormously so, if interop lets you bridge otherwise closed networks. What you're subverting is rent sinking, monopolistic exploitation by network owners.